CWE-1295 Base Incomplete

Debug Messages Revealing Unnecessary Information

The product's debug messages or logs expose excessive internal system details, potentially revealing sensitive information that could aid an attacker.

Definition

What is CWE-1295?

The product's debug messages or logs expose excessive internal system details, potentially revealing sensitive information that could aid an attacker.
Debug messages are essential for developers to diagnose issues by showing the system's internal state, such as memory dumps, boot logs, or low-level hardware data exposed through interfaces like UART or scan chains. While more detailed logs make troubleshooting easier, they also risk exposing information that could help an attacker identify vulnerabilities or understand the system's architecture. Relying solely on hiding information (security through obscurity) is not a safe strategy, but it can be a useful layer within a broader defense-in-depth approach. Unnecessary details in debug output lower this protective layer, making it easier for attackers to piece together an attack even when other security controls are in place.
Auswirkungen in der Praxis

Real-world CVEs caused by CWE-1295

  • CVE-2021-25476

    Digital Rights Management (DRM) capability for mobile platform leaks pointer information, simplifying ASLR bypass

  • CVE-2020-24491

    Processor generates debug message that contains sensitive information ("addresses of memory transactions").

  • CVE-2017-18326

    modem debug messages include cryptographic keys

Wie Angreifer es ausnutzen

Angreiferpfad Schritt für Schritt

  1. 1

    This example here shows how an attacker can take advantage of unnecessary information in debug messages.

  2. 2

    Example 1: Suppose in response to a Test Access Port (TAP) chaining request the debug message also reveals the current TAP hierarchy (the full topology) in addition to the success/failure message.

  3. 3

    Example 2: In response to a password-filling request, the debug message, instead of a simple Granted/Denied response, prints an elaborate message, "The user-entered password does not match the actual password stored in ."

  4. 4

    The result of the above examples is that the user is able to gather additional unauthorized information about the system from the debug messages.

  5. 5

    The solution is to ensure that Debug messages do not reveal additional details.

Verwundbares Codebeispiel

Vulnerable pseudo

MITRE hat kein Codebeispiel für diese CWE veröffentlicht. Das untenstehende Muster ist illustrativ — kanonische Referenzen findest du unter Ressourcen.

Verwundbar pseudo 
// Example pattern — see MITRE for the canonical references.
function handleRequest(input) {
  // Untrusted input flows directly into the sensitive sink.
  return executeUnsafe(input);
}
Sicheres Codebeispiel

Secure pseudo

Sicher pseudo 
// Validate, sanitize, or use a safe API before reaching the sink.
function handleRequest(input) {
  const safe = validateAndEscape(input);
  return executeWithGuards(safe);
}
What changed: the unsafe sink is replaced (or the input is validated/escaped) so the same payload no longer triggers the weakness.
Präventions-Checkliste

How to prevent CWE-1295

  • Implementation Ensure that a debug message does not reveal any unnecessary information during the debug process for the intended response.
Erkennungssignale

How to detect CWE-1295

SAST High

Führe statische Analyse (SAST) auf der Codebasis aus und suche im Datenfluss nach dem unsicheren Muster.

DAST Moderate

Führe dynamische Application-Security-Tests gegen den Live-Endpoint aus.

Runtime Moderate

Beobachte Runtime-Logs auf ungewöhnliche Exception-Traces, fehlerhafte Eingaben oder Versuche, Autorisierung zu umgehen.

Code review Moderate

Code Review: Markiere jeden neuen Code, der Eingaben von dieser Oberfläche ohne validierte Framework-Helper verarbeitet.

Plexicus Auto-Fix

Plexicus erkennt CWE-1295 automatisch und öffnet in unter 60 Sekunden einen Fix-PR.

Codex Remedium scannt jeden Commit, identifiziert genau diese Schwachstelle und liefert einen reviewer-ready Pull Request mit dem Patch. Keine Tickets. Keine Hand-offs.

Demo anfordern Plexicus kostenlos testen
Häufig gestellte Fragen

Frequently asked questions

Was ist CWE-1295?

The product's debug messages or logs expose excessive internal system details, potentially revealing sensitive information that could aid an attacker.

Wie gravierend ist CWE-1295?

MITRE hat für diese Schwachstelle keine Exploit-Wahrscheinlichkeit veröffentlicht. Behandle sie als mittlere Auswirkung, bis dein Threat Model anderes belegt.

Welche Sprachen oder Plattformen sind von CWE-1295 betroffen?

MITRE lists the following affected platforms: Not OS-Specific, Not Architecture-Specific, Not Technology-Specific.

Wie kann ich CWE-1295 verhindern?

Ensure that a debug message does not reveal any unnecessary information during the debug process for the intended response.

Wie erkennt und behebt Plexicus CWE-1295?

Die SAST-Engine von Plexicus erkennt die Datenfluss-Signatur von CWE-1295 bei jedem Commit. Bei einem Treffer öffnet unser Codex-Remedium-Agent einen Fix-PR mit korrigiertem Code, Tests und einer einzeiligen Zusammenfassung für den Reviewer.

Wo erfahre ich mehr über CWE-1295?

MITRE veröffentlicht die kanonische Definition unter https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/1295.html. Für ergänzende Hinweise kannst du auch die OWASP- und NIST-Dokumentation heranziehen.

Verwandte Schwachstellen

Weaknesses related to CWE-1295

CWE-200 Parent

Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor

This weakness occurs when an application unintentionally reveals sensitive data to someone who shouldn't have access to it.

CWE-1258 Sibling

Exposure of Sensitive System Information Due to Uncleared Debug Information

This vulnerability occurs when hardware fails to erase sensitive data like cryptographic keys and intermediate values before entering…

CWE-1273 Sibling

Device Unlock Credential Sharing

This vulnerability occurs when the secret keys or passwords required to unlock a device's hidden features are shared between multiple…

CWE-1431 Sibling

Driving Intermediate Cryptographic State/Results to Hardware Module Outputs

This vulnerability occurs when a hardware cryptographic module leaks sensitive internal data through its output channels. Instead of only…

CWE-201 Sibling

Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data

This vulnerability occurs when an application sends data to an external party, but accidentally includes sensitive information—like…

CWE-203 Sibling

Observable Discrepancy

This vulnerability occurs when an application responds differently to unauthorized users based on internal conditions. Attackers can…

CWE-209 Sibling

Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information

This vulnerability occurs when an application reveals sensitive details about its internal systems, user data, or environment within error…

CWE-213 Sibling

Exposure of Sensitive Information Due to Incompatible Policies

This vulnerability occurs when a system's data handling aligns with the developer's security rules but accidentally reveals information…

CWE-215 Sibling

Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code

This vulnerability occurs when developers embed sensitive data, such as passwords or API keys, within debugging statements like logs or…

Ressourcen

Further reading

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