This vulnerability occurs when a software authentication process omits a required step, weakening its overall security.
Secure authentication relies on following a defined protocol completely. Skipping a step—like not validating a session token, omitting a required cryptographic hash, or failing to check a second factor—creates a gap that attackers can exploit to bypass login protections or launch more effective brute-force attacks. To prevent this, developers must treat authentication algorithms as strict checklists. Each step, from credential presentation to final session establishment, must be implemented and tested. Relying on official libraries and comprehensive security testing helps ensure no critical step is accidentally missing or disabled.
Impact: Bypass Protection MechanismGain Privileges or Assume IdentityRead Application DataExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands
This weakness can lead to the exposure of resources or functionality to unintended actors, possibly providing attackers with sensitive information or allowing attackers to execute arbitrary code.