This vulnerability occurs when a login page or authentication system transmits user credentials (like usernames and passwords) over a network without proper encryption, exposing them to interception.
When credentials travel from a user's browser to your server without encryption, they are sent in plain text. Attackers on the same network can easily intercept this data using simple packet sniffing tools, leading directly to account compromise. This is a fundamental failure to protect the most sensitive part of the user session during its most vulnerable moment—transit. To prevent this, you must enforce the use of strong, modern encryption for all authentication traffic. Always use HTTPS (TLS/SSL) for your entire login process and application, never falling back to HTTP for any requests containing credentials. Additionally, implement HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) to instruct browsers to always use a secure connection, preventing accidental data leakage.
Impact: Gain Privileges or Assume Identity