CWE-497 Base Incomplet

Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere

This vulnerability occurs when an application unintentionally reveals sensitive details about its underlying system, such as file paths, software versions, or environment data, to users who should…

Définition

What is CWE-497?

This vulnerability occurs when an application unintentionally reveals sensitive details about its underlying system, such as file paths, software versions, or environment data, to users who should not have access to that information.
Applications, especially web apps, run on top of complex systems like operating servers. When they generate errors, debug logs, or even normal responses, they can leak technical details—stack traces, installed packages, directory structures, or server banners. Attackers actively seek out this information to map your system's architecture and identify specific software versions with known exploits, making their attacks far more precise and dangerous. Preventing these leaks requires scrutinizing all output channels, from error messages to API headers and log files, to ensure they are sanitized before reaching an end-user. While SAST tools can flag patterns of information disclosure, managing this at scale across a large codebase is challenging. An ASPM like Plexicus helps by continuously monitoring for these exposures in production and development, using AI to prioritize the risk and suggest specific code fixes to harden your system's responses.
Impact réel

Real-world CVEs caused by CWE-497

  • CVE-2021-32638

    Code analysis product passes access tokens as a command-line parameter or through an environment variable, making them visible to other processes via the ps command.

Comment les attaquants l'exploitent

Parcours de l'attaquant étape par étape

  1. 1

    The following code prints the path environment variable to the standard error stream:

  2. 2

    This code prints all of the running processes belonging to the current user.

  3. 3

    If invoked by an unauthorized web user, it is providing a web page of potentially sensitive information on the underlying system, such as command-line arguments (CWE-497). This program is also potentially vulnerable to a PATH based attack (CWE-426), as an attacker may be able to create malicious versions of the ps or grep commands. While the program does not explicitly raise privileges to run the system commands, the PHP interpreter may by default be running with higher privileges than users.

  4. 4

    The following code prints an exception to the standard error stream:

  5. 5

    Depending upon the system configuration, this information can be dumped to a console, written to a log file, or exposed to a remote user. In some cases the error message tells the attacker precisely what sort of an attack the system will be vulnerable to. For example, a database error message can reveal that the application is vulnerable to a SQL injection attack. Other error messages can reveal more oblique clues about the system. In the example above, the search path could imply information about the type of operating system, the applications installed on the system, and the amount of care that the administrators have put into configuring the program.

Exemple de code vulnérable

Vulnerable C

The following code prints the path environment variable to the standard error stream:

Vulnérable C 
char* path = getenv("PATH");
  ...
  sprintf(stderr, "cannot find exe on path %s\n", path);
Exemple de code sécurisé

Secure pseudo

Sécurisé pseudo 
// Validate, sanitize, or use a safe API before reaching the sink.
function handleRequest(input) {
  const safe = validateAndEscape(input);
  return executeWithGuards(safe);
}
What changed: the unsafe sink is replaced (or the input is validated/escaped) so the same payload no longer triggers the weakness.
Liste de contrôle de prévention

How to prevent CWE-497

  • Architecture and Design / Implementation Production applications should never use methods that generate internal details such as stack traces and error messages unless that information is directly committed to a log that is not viewable by the end user. All error message text should be HTML entity encoded before being written to the log file to protect against potential cross-site scripting attacks against the viewer of the logs
Signaux de détection

How to detect CWE-497

Automated Static Analysis High

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)

Correction automatique Plexicus

Plexicus détecte automatiquement CWE-497 et ouvre une PR de correction en moins de 60 secondes.

Codex Remedium analyse chaque commit, identifie cette faiblesse précise et livre une pull request prête à être relue avec le correctif. Pas de tickets. Pas de transferts.

Obtenir une démo Essayer Plexicus gratuitement
Questions fréquentes

Frequently asked questions

Qu'est-ce que CWE-497 ?

This vulnerability occurs when an application unintentionally reveals sensitive details about its underlying system, such as file paths, software versions, or environment data, to users who should not have access to that information.

Quelle est la gravité de CWE-497 ?

MITRE n'a pas publié de note de probabilité d'exploitation pour cette faiblesse. Traitez-la comme un impact moyen jusqu'à ce que votre modèle de menace prouve le contraire.

Quels langages ou plateformes sont affectés par CWE-497 ?

MITRE n'a pas spécifié les plateformes affectées pour ce CWE — il peut s'appliquer à la plupart des stacks applicatives.

Comment puis-je prévenir CWE-497 ?

Production applications should never use methods that generate internal details such as stack traces and error messages unless that information is directly committed to a log that is not viewable by the end user. All error message text should be HTML entity encoded before being written to the log file to protect against potential cross-site scripting attacks against the viewer of the logs

Comment Plexicus détecte et corrige CWE-497 ?

Le moteur SAST de Plexicus reconnaît la signature de flux de données de CWE-497 à chaque commit. Lorsqu'une correspondance est trouvée, notre agent Codex Remedium ouvre une PR de correction avec le code corrigé, les tests et un résumé d'une ligne pour le relecteur.

Où puis-je en savoir plus sur CWE-497 ?

MITRE publie la définition canonique à https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/497.html. Vous pouvez également consulter la documentation OWASP et NIST pour des conseils adjacents.

Faiblesses associées

Weaknesses related to CWE-497

CWE-200 Parent

Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor

This weakness occurs when an application unintentionally reveals sensitive data to someone who shouldn't have access to it.

CWE-1258 Frère

Exposure of Sensitive System Information Due to Uncleared Debug Information

This vulnerability occurs when hardware fails to erase sensitive data like cryptographic keys and intermediate values before entering…

CWE-1273 Frère

Device Unlock Credential Sharing

This vulnerability occurs when the secret keys or passwords required to unlock a device's hidden features are shared between multiple…

CWE-1295 Frère

Debug Messages Revealing Unnecessary Information

The product's debug messages or logs expose excessive internal system details, potentially revealing sensitive information that could aid…

CWE-1431 Frère

Driving Intermediate Cryptographic State/Results to Hardware Module Outputs

This vulnerability occurs when a hardware cryptographic module leaks sensitive internal data through its output channels. Instead of only…

CWE-201 Frère

Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data

This vulnerability occurs when an application sends data to an external party, but accidentally includes sensitive information—like…

CWE-203 Frère

Observable Discrepancy

This vulnerability occurs when an application responds differently to unauthorized users based on internal conditions. Attackers can…

CWE-209 Frère

Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information

This vulnerability occurs when an application reveals sensitive details about its internal systems, user data, or environment within error…

CWE-213 Frère

Exposure of Sensitive Information Due to Incompatible Policies

This vulnerability occurs when a system's data handling aligns with the developer's security rules but accidentally reveals information…

Ressources

Further reading

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