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CWE-1261 Base Rascunho
Improper Handling of Single Event Upsets
This vulnerability occurs when hardware logic fails to properly manage single-event upsets (SEUs), which are temporary bit flips caused by environmental factors.
Definição
What is CWE-1261?
This vulnerability occurs when hardware logic fails to properly manage single-event upsets (SEUs), which are temporary bit flips caused by environmental factors.
Modern hardware is becoming more vulnerable to temporary errors called single-event upsets (SEUs). These random bit flips are caused by internal factors like electrical interference or external sources like cosmic radiation. Unlike permanent hardware faults, SEUs are transient but can have serious security consequences if they affect critical system components.
When an SEU occurs in a security-sensitive module—such as a privilege manager or cryptographic engine—it can bypass critical protections. For example, a single bit flip might incorrectly elevate a user's privileges or corrupt cryptographic keys. Developers must design hardware logic with detection and correction mechanisms, like parity checks or error-correcting code (ECC) memory, to prevent these temporary failures from compromising system security.
Impacto no mundo real
Real-world CVEs caused by CWE-1261
Ainda não há referências CVE públicas associadas a este CWE no catálogo da MITRE.
Como os atacantes a exploram
Trajeto do atacante passo a passo
- 1
This is an example from [REF-1089]. See the reference for full details of this issue.
- 2
Parity is error detecting but not error correcting.
- 3
In 2016, a security researcher, who was also a patient using a pacemaker, was on an airplane when a bit flip occurred in the pacemaker, likely due to the higher prevalence of cosmic radiation at such heights. The pacemaker was designed to account for bit flips and went into a default safe mode, which still forced the patient to go to a hospital to get it reset. The bit flip also inadvertently enabled the researcher to access the crash file, perform reverse engineering, and detect a hard-coded key. [REF-1101]
Exemplo de código vulnerável
Vulnerable Other
Parity is error detecting but not error correcting.
Due to single-event upsets, bits are flipped in memories. As a result, memory-parity checks fail, which results in restart and a temporary denial of service of two to three minutes. Exemplo de código seguro
Secure Other
Using error-correcting codes could have avoided the restart caused by SEUs. What changed: the unsafe sink is replaced (or the input is validated/escaped) so the same payload no longer triggers the weakness.
Lista de verificação de prevenção
How to prevent CWE-1261
- Architecture and Design Implement triple-modular redundancy around security-sensitive modules.
- Architecture and Design SEUs mostly affect SRAMs. For SRAMs storing security-critical data, implement Error-Correcting-Codes (ECC) and Address Interleaving.
Sinais de deteção
How to detect CWE-1261
Executar testes dinâmicos de segurança de aplicações (DAST) contra o endpoint em execução.
Monitorizar os registos em tempo de execução para traços de exceção invulgares, input malformado ou tentativas de contornar a autorização.
Revisão de código: sinalizar qualquer novo código que trate input desta superfície sem usar os ajudantes validados do framework.
O Plexicus deteta automaticamente o CWE-1261 e abre um PR de correção em menos de 60 segundos.
O Codex Remedium analisa cada commit, identifica esta fraqueza exata e entrega um pull request pronto para revisão com o patch. Sem tickets. Sem transferências.
Perguntas frequentes O que é o CWE-1261?
Qual a gravidade do CWE-1261?
Que linguagens ou plataformas são afetadas pelo CWE-1261?
Como posso prevenir o CWE-1261?
Como é que o Plexicus deteta e corrige o CWE-1261?
Onde posso saber mais sobre o CWE-1261?
Frequently asked questions
O que é o CWE-1261?
This vulnerability occurs when hardware logic fails to properly manage single-event upsets (SEUs), which are temporary bit flips caused by environmental factors.
Qual a gravidade do CWE-1261?
A MITRE não publicou uma classificação de probabilidade de exploração para esta fraqueza. Trate-a como impacto médio até o seu modelo de ameaças provar o contrário.
Que linguagens ou plataformas são afetadas pelo CWE-1261?
MITRE lists the following affected platforms: Not OS-Specific, Not Architecture-Specific, Not Technology-Specific.
Como posso prevenir o CWE-1261?
Implement triple-modular redundancy around security-sensitive modules. SEUs mostly affect SRAMs. For SRAMs storing security-critical data, implement Error-Correcting-Codes (ECC) and Address Interleaving.
Como é que o Plexicus deteta e corrige o CWE-1261?
O motor SAST do Plexicus correlaciona a assinatura de fluxo de dados do CWE-1261 em cada commit. Quando é encontrada uma correspondência, o nosso agente Codex Remedium abre um PR de correção com o código corrigido, testes e um resumo de uma linha para o revisor.
Onde posso saber mais sobre o CWE-1261?
A MITRE publica a definição canónica em https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/1261.html. Pode também consultar a documentação da OWASP e do NIST para orientações adjacentes.
Fraquezas relacionadas
Weaknesses related to CWE-1261
CWE-1384 Pai
Improper Handling of Physical or Environmental Conditions
This weakness occurs when a hardware device fails to manage unexpected physical or environmental situations, whether they happen naturally…
CWE-1247 Irmão
Improper Protection Against Voltage and Clock Glitches
This vulnerability occurs when a hardware device lacks proper physical safeguards against deliberate electrical manipulation. Without…
CWE-1332 Irmão
Improper Handling of Faults that Lead to Instruction Skips
This vulnerability occurs when a hardware device lacks or incorrectly implements the necessary circuitry or sensors to detect and respond…
CWE-1351 Irmão
Improper Handling of Hardware Behavior in Exceptionally Cold Environments
This weakness occurs when a hardware device or its firmware lacks proper safeguards to maintain security functions when operated in…
CWE-1254 Par
Incorrect Comparison Logic Granularity
This vulnerability occurs when a system compares sensitive data, like passwords or authentication tokens, piece-by-piece instead of as a…
Recursos
Further reading
- MITRE — CWE-1261 oficial https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/1261.html
- Single Event Upset: An Embedded Tutorial https://www.eng.auburn.edu/~agrawvd/TALKS/tutorial_6pg.pdf
- Single Event Upsets in Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=736549&tag=1
- Single Event Effects in FPGA Devices 2015-2016 https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20160007754
- Cisco 12000 Single Event Upset Failures Overview and Work Around Summary https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/field-notices/200/fn25994.html
- Different Ways to Mitigate Soft Errors in Asynchronous SRAMs - KBA90939 https://community.infineon.com/t5/Knowledge-Base-Articles/Different-Ways-to-Mitigate-Soft-Errors-in-Asynchronous-SRAMs-KBA90939/ta-p/257944
- Cosmic particles can change elections and cause plans to fall through the sky, scientists warn https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/subatomic-particles-cosmic-rays-computers-change-elections-planes-autopilot-a7584616.html
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