Exposed Unsafe ActiveX Method

Incomplete Variant
Structure: Simple
Description

This vulnerability occurs when an ActiveX control, designed for web browsers, exposes methods that bypass the browser's built-in security restrictions. These unsafe methods can perform actions outside the browser's intended security boundaries, such as those defined by zones or domains.

Extended Description

ActiveX controls operate with high-level system permissions, granting them far more access to the operating system than standard web scripts like JavaScript. When a control exposes a method without proper safeguards, attackers can potentially invoke it from a malicious webpage. The risk level depends entirely on what the exposed method does and whether it validates any input it receives. Without checks to verify the origin or integrity of the call, these dangerous methods become an open gateway. Attackers can exploit them to perform unauthorized actions on a user's system, directly from the browser. The core issue is the combination of excessive system privileges and a lack of validation for who is calling the method or what data they are sending.

Common Consequences 1
Scope: Other

Impact: Other

Detection Methods 1
Automated Static AnalysisHigh
Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)
Potential Mitigations 3
Phase: Implementation
If you must expose a method, make sure to perform input validation on all arguments, and protect against all possible vulnerabilities.
Phase: Architecture and Design
Use code signing, although this does not protect against any weaknesses that are already in the control.
Phase: Architecture and DesignSystem Configuration
Where possible, avoid marking the control as safe for scripting.
Observed Examples 3
CVE-2007-1120download a file to arbitrary folders.
CVE-2006-6838control downloads and executes a url in a parameter
CVE-2007-0321resultant buffer overflow
References 2
Developing Secure ActiveX Controls
Microsoft
13-04-2005
ID: REF-503
The Art of Software Security Assessment
Mark Dowd, John McDonald, and Justin Schuh
Addison Wesley
2006
ID: REF-62
Modes of Introduction
Architecture and Design
Implementation