Fuzz testing (fuzzing) is a powerful technique for generating large numbers of diverse inputs - either randomly or algorithmically - and dynamically invoking the code with those inputs. Even with random inputs, it is often capable of generating unexpected results such as crashes, memory corruption, or resource consumption. Fuzzing effectively produces repeatable test cases that clearly indicate bugs, which helps developers to diagnose the issues.
CWE-233 Base Incompleto
Improper Handling of Parameters
This vulnerability occurs when software fails to correctly process input that contains an unexpected number of parameters, missing fields, or undefined arguments. It often leads to crashes,…
Definição
What is CWE-233?
This vulnerability occurs when software fails to correctly process input that contains an unexpected number of parameters, missing fields, or undefined arguments. It often leads to crashes, unexpected behavior, or security bypasses.
At its core, this weakness is about poor input validation and error handling. When an application expects a specific set of data—like form fields, API parameters, or function arguments—but receives fewer, more, or undefined values, it must handle this gracefully. Without proper checks, the software might try to access non-existent data, causing errors like null pointer dereferences, out-of-bounds access, or logic flaws that attackers can exploit to crash the system or bypass security controls.
To prevent this, developers should implement strict input validation at all entry points. Always define and enforce the expected structure, count, and presence of all parameters. Use safe access patterns, such as checking for a parameter's existence before using it, and provide default values where appropriate. Robust error handling routines should catch and manage malformed requests without exposing sensitive debug information, ensuring the application remains stable and secure even when faced with unexpected input.
Impacto no mundo real
Real-world CVEs caused by CWE-233
Ainda não há referências CVE públicas associadas a este CWE no catálogo da MITRE.
Como os atacantes a exploram
Trajeto do atacante passo a passo
- 1
Identificar um caminho de código que trata input não confiável sem validação.
- 2
Criar um payload que explora o comportamento inseguro — injeção, traversal, overflow ou abuso de lógica.
- 3
Entregar o payload através de um pedido normal e observar a reação da aplicação.
- 4
Iterar até que a resposta exponha dados, execute código do atacante ou escale privilégios.
Exemplo de código vulnerável
Vulnerable Java
This Android application has registered to handle a URL when sent an intent:
```
...*
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter("com.example.URLHandler.openURL");
MyReceiver receiver = new MyReceiver();
registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
*...*
public class UrlHandlerReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
```
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
if("com.example.URLHandler.openURL".equals(intent.getAction())) {
String URL = intent.getStringExtra("URLToOpen");
int length = URL.length();
```
...*
}}} Exemplo de código seguro
Secure pseudo
// Validate, sanitize, or use a safe API before reaching the sink.
function handleRequest(input) {
const safe = validateAndEscape(input);
return executeWithGuards(safe);
} What changed: the unsafe sink is replaced (or the input is validated/escaped) so the same payload no longer triggers the weakness.
Lista de verificação de prevenção
How to prevent CWE-233
- Architecture Use safe-by-default frameworks and APIs that prevent the unsafe pattern from being expressible.
- Implementation Validate input at trust boundaries; use allowlists, not denylists.
- Implementation Apply the principle of least privilege to credentials, file paths, and runtime permissions.
- Testing Cover this weakness in CI: SAST rules + targeted unit tests for the data flow.
- Operation Monitor logs for the runtime signals listed in the next section.
Sinais de deteção
How to detect CWE-233
Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)
O Plexicus deteta automaticamente o CWE-233 e abre um PR de correção em menos de 60 segundos.
O Codex Remedium analisa cada commit, identifica esta fraqueza exata e entrega um pull request pronto para revisão com o patch. Sem tickets. Sem transferências.
Perguntas frequentes O que é o CWE-233?
Qual a gravidade do CWE-233?
Que linguagens ou plataformas são afetadas pelo CWE-233?
Como posso prevenir o CWE-233?
Como é que o Plexicus deteta e corrige o CWE-233?
Onde posso saber mais sobre o CWE-233?
Frequently asked questions
O que é o CWE-233?
This vulnerability occurs when software fails to correctly process input that contains an unexpected number of parameters, missing fields, or undefined arguments. It often leads to crashes, unexpected behavior, or security bypasses.
Qual a gravidade do CWE-233?
A MITRE não publicou uma classificação de probabilidade de exploração para esta fraqueza. Trate-a como impacto médio até o seu modelo de ameaças provar o contrário.
Que linguagens ou plataformas são afetadas pelo CWE-233?
A MITRE não especificou as plataformas afetadas por este CWE — pode aplicar-se à maioria das stacks de aplicações.
Como posso prevenir o CWE-233?
Use safe-by-default frameworks, validate untrusted input at trust boundaries, and apply the principle of least privilege. Cover the data-flow signature in CI with SAST.
Como é que o Plexicus deteta e corrige o CWE-233?
O motor SAST do Plexicus correlaciona a assinatura de fluxo de dados do CWE-233 em cada commit. Quando é encontrada uma correspondência, o nosso agente Codex Remedium abre um PR de correção com o código corrigido, testes e um resumo de uma linha para o revisor.
Onde posso saber mais sobre o CWE-233?
A MITRE publica a definição canónica em https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/233.html. Pode também consultar a documentação da OWASP e do NIST para orientações adjacentes.
Fraquezas relacionadas
Weaknesses related to CWE-233
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CWE-234 Filho
Failure to Handle Missing Parameter
This vulnerability occurs when a function or method receives fewer arguments than it expects. The function will still attempt to process…
CWE-235 Filho
Improper Handling of Extra Parameters
This vulnerability occurs when a system fails to properly manage situations where it receives more parameters, fields, or arguments with…
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