CWE-260 Base Incompleto

Password in Configuration File

This vulnerability occurs when an application stores sensitive passwords directly within a configuration file, making them easily readable to anyone with access to that file.

Definição

What is CWE-260?

This vulnerability occurs when an application stores sensitive passwords directly within a configuration file, making them easily readable to anyone with access to that file.
Storing passwords in plain text within config files, such as .env, .properties, XML, or YAML files, is a critical security misstep. These files are often committed to version control, deployed with the application, or left in accessible directories, exposing the credentials to developers, system administrators, or even attackers who gain basic access to the system. The core problem is that configuration files are designed for settings, not for safeguarding secrets. An attacker who discovers this file can immediately steal the password to impersonate the application, often gaining the same level of access to databases, external APIs, or administrative systems. In some cases, if the file has write permissions, they could even change the password to one they control, locking out the legitimate application and taking full control of the dependent service. This single flaw can lead to complete system compromise, data breaches, and unauthorized actions performed under the application's identity.
Impacto no mundo real

Real-world CVEs caused by CWE-260

  • CVE-2022-38665

    A continuous delivery pipeline management tool stores an unencypted password in a configuration file.

Como os atacantes a exploram

Trajeto do atacante passo a passo

  1. 1

    Below is a snippet from a Java properties file.

  2. 2

    Because the LDAP credentials are stored in plaintext, anyone with access to the file can gain access to the resource.

  3. 3

    The following examples show a portion of properties and configuration files for Java and ASP.NET applications. The files include username and password information but they are stored in cleartext.

  4. 4

    This Java example shows a properties file with a cleartext username / password pair.

  5. 5

    The following example shows a portion of a configuration file for an ASP.Net application. This configuration file includes username and password information for a connection to a database but the pair is stored in cleartext.

Exemplo de código vulnerável

Vulnerable Java

Below is a snippet from a Java properties file.

Vulnerável Java 
webapp.ldap.username = secretUsername
  webapp.ldap.password = secretPassword
Exemplo de código seguro

Secure pseudo

Seguro pseudo 
// Validate, sanitize, or use a safe API before reaching the sink.
function handleRequest(input) {
  const safe = validateAndEscape(input);
  return executeWithGuards(safe);
}
What changed: the unsafe sink is replaced (or the input is validated/escaped) so the same payload no longer triggers the weakness.
Lista de verificação de prevenção

How to prevent CWE-260

  • Architecture and Design Avoid storing passwords in easily accessible locations.
  • Architecture and Design Consider storing cryptographic hashes of passwords as an alternative to storing in plaintext.
Sinais de deteção

How to detect CWE-260

Automated Static Analysis High

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)

Correção automática do Plexicus

O Plexicus deteta automaticamente o CWE-260 e abre um PR de correção em menos de 60 segundos.

O Codex Remedium analisa cada commit, identifica esta fraqueza exata e entrega um pull request pronto para revisão com o patch. Sem tickets. Sem transferências.

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Perguntas frequentes

Frequently asked questions

O que é o CWE-260?

This vulnerability occurs when an application stores sensitive passwords directly within a configuration file, making them easily readable to anyone with access to that file.

Qual a gravidade do CWE-260?

A MITRE não publicou uma classificação de probabilidade de exploração para esta fraqueza. Trate-a como impacto médio até o seu modelo de ameaças provar o contrário.

Que linguagens ou plataformas são afetadas pelo CWE-260?

A MITRE não especificou as plataformas afetadas por este CWE — pode aplicar-se à maioria das stacks de aplicações.

Como posso prevenir o CWE-260?

Avoid storing passwords in easily accessible locations. Consider storing cryptographic hashes of passwords as an alternative to storing in plaintext.

Como é que o Plexicus deteta e corrige o CWE-260?

O motor SAST do Plexicus correlaciona a assinatura de fluxo de dados do CWE-260 em cada commit. Quando é encontrada uma correspondência, o nosso agente Codex Remedium abre um PR de correção com o código corrigido, testes e um resumo de uma linha para o revisor.

Onde posso saber mais sobre o CWE-260?

A MITRE publica a definição canónica em https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/260.html. Pode também consultar a documentação da OWASP e do NIST para orientações adjacentes.

Fraquezas relacionadas

Weaknesses related to CWE-260

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Storing Passwords in a Recoverable Format

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Weak Encoding for Password

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Unprotected Transport of Credentials

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CWE-549 Irmão

Missing Password Field Masking

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CWE-258 Filho

Empty Password in Configuration File

This vulnerability occurs when a configuration file, script, or application uses an empty string as a password, effectively disabling…

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J2EE Misconfiguration: Plaintext Password in Configuration File

A J2EE application insecurely stores an unprotected password within a configuration file.

Recursos

Further reading

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