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CWE-204 Base Incompleto
Observable Response Discrepancy
This vulnerability occurs when an application responds differently to similar requests, unintentionally leaking details about its internal state or logic to unauthorized users.
Definição
What is CWE-204?
This vulnerability occurs when an application responds differently to similar requests, unintentionally leaking details about its internal state or logic to unauthorized users.
Observable Response Discrepancy happens when an application's output—such as error messages, timing, or even subtle differences in page content—changes based on internal conditions. Attackers can probe these differences to infer sensitive information, like whether a username exists, if a file is present on the server, or the structure of a backend database, without triggering standard access controls.
To prevent this, developers must ensure their applications provide consistent, generic responses in all scenarios that could reveal system state. This involves standardizing error messages, implementing uniform response times for all outcomes (success or failure), and avoiding any output that changes based on hidden internal data. Treating all failed operations identically from the user's perspective closes this common information leak.
Impacto no mundo real
Real-world CVEs caused by CWE-204
-
This, and others, use ".." attacks and monitor error responses, so there is overlap with directory traversal.
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Enumeration of valid usernames based on inconsistent responses
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Account number enumeration via inconsistent responses.
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User enumeration via discrepancies in error messages.
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User enumeration via discrepancies in error messages.
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Bulletin Board displays different error messages when a user exists or not, which makes it easier for remote attackers to identify valid users and conduct a brute force password guessing attack.
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Operating System, when direct remote login is disabled, displays a different message if the password is correct, which allows remote attackers to guess the password via brute force methods.
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Product allows remote attackers to determine if a port is being filtered because the response packet TTL is different than the default TTL.
Como os atacantes a exploram
Trajeto do atacante passo a passo
- 1
The following code checks validity of the supplied username and password and notifies the user of a successful or failed login.
- 2
In the above code, there are different messages for when an incorrect username is supplied, versus when the username is correct but the password is wrong. This difference enables a potential attacker to understand the state of the login function, and could allow an attacker to discover a valid username by trying different values until the incorrect password message is returned. In essence, this makes it easier for an attacker to obtain half of the necessary authentication credentials.
- 3
While this type of information may be helpful to a user, it is also useful to a potential attacker. In the above example, the message for both failed cases should be the same, such as:
Exemplo de código vulnerável
Vulnerable Perl
The following code checks validity of the supplied username and password and notifies the user of a successful or failed login.
my $username=param('username');
my $password=param('password');
if (IsValidUsername($username) == 1)
{
if (IsValidPassword($username, $password) == 1)
{
print "Login Successful";
}
else
{
print "Login Failed - incorrect password";
}
}
else
{
print "Login Failed - unknown username";
} Exemplo de código seguro
Secure pseudo
// Validate, sanitize, or use a safe API before reaching the sink.
function handleRequest(input) {
const safe = validateAndEscape(input);
return executeWithGuards(safe);
} What changed: the unsafe sink is replaced (or the input is validated/escaped) so the same payload no longer triggers the weakness.
Lista de verificação de prevenção
How to prevent CWE-204
- Architecture and Design Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area. Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
- Implementation Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success. If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files. Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
Sinais de deteção
How to detect CWE-204
Executar testes dinâmicos de segurança de aplicações (DAST) contra o endpoint em execução.
Monitorizar os registos em tempo de execução para traços de exceção invulgares, input malformado ou tentativas de contornar a autorização.
Revisão de código: sinalizar qualquer novo código que trate input desta superfície sem usar os ajudantes validados do framework.
O Plexicus deteta automaticamente o CWE-204 e abre um PR de correção em menos de 60 segundos.
O Codex Remedium analisa cada commit, identifica esta fraqueza exata e entrega um pull request pronto para revisão com o patch. Sem tickets. Sem transferências.
Perguntas frequentes O que é o CWE-204?
Qual a gravidade do CWE-204?
Que linguagens ou plataformas são afetadas pelo CWE-204?
Como posso prevenir o CWE-204?
Como é que o Plexicus deteta e corrige o CWE-204?
Onde posso saber mais sobre o CWE-204?
Frequently asked questions
O que é o CWE-204?
This vulnerability occurs when an application responds differently to similar requests, unintentionally leaking details about its internal state or logic to unauthorized users.
Qual a gravidade do CWE-204?
A MITRE não publicou uma classificação de probabilidade de exploração para esta fraqueza. Trate-a como impacto médio até o seu modelo de ameaças provar o contrário.
Que linguagens ou plataformas são afetadas pelo CWE-204?
A MITRE não especificou as plataformas afetadas por este CWE — pode aplicar-se à maioria das stacks de aplicações.
Como posso prevenir o CWE-204?
Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area. Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to…
Como é que o Plexicus deteta e corrige o CWE-204?
O motor SAST do Plexicus correlaciona a assinatura de fluxo de dados do CWE-204 em cada commit. Quando é encontrada uma correspondência, o nosso agente Codex Remedium abre um PR de correção com o código corrigido, testes e um resumo de uma linha para o revisor.
Onde posso saber mais sobre o CWE-204?
A MITRE publica a definição canónica em https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/204.html. Pode também consultar a documentação da OWASP e do NIST para orientações adjacentes.
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