CWE-359 Base Incompleto

Exposure of Private Personal Information to an Unauthorized Actor

This vulnerability occurs when an application fails to adequately protect sensitive personal data, allowing access to individuals who either lack proper authorization or haven't provided necessary…

Definição

What is CWE-359?

This vulnerability occurs when an application fails to adequately protect sensitive personal data, allowing access to individuals who either lack proper authorization or haven't provided necessary consent for its use.

At its core, this weakness is about broken access control around private user information. This happens when developers don't properly enforce who can see data like addresses, financial details, health records, or identification numbers. The system might mistakenly expose this data through insecure APIs, direct object references, misconfigured permissions, or by leaking it in error messages or logs. Preventing this requires a 'need-to-know' enforcement strategy. Implement strict authorization checks that verify a user's identity and permissions for every data request, regardless of how it's made. Always apply the principle of least privilege, encrypt sensitive data at rest and in transit, and ensure personal information is never stored or logged unnecessarily. Regular access control audits and penetration testing focused on user data paths are essential for catching these oversights.

Vulnerability Diagram CWE-359

Impacto no mundo real

Real-world CVEs caused by CWE-359

Ainda não há referências CVE públicas associadas a este CWE no catálogo da MITRE.

Como os atacantes a exploram

Trajeto do atacante passo a passo

1
The following code contains a logging statement that tracks the contents of records added to a database by storing them in a log file. Among other values that are stored, the getPassword() function returns the user-supplied plaintext password associated with the account.
2
The code in the example above logs a plaintext password to the filesystem. Although many developers trust the filesystem as a safe storage location for data, it should not be trusted implicitly, particularly when privacy is a concern.
3
This code uses location to determine the user's current US State location.
4
First the application must declare that it requires the ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION permission in the application's manifest.xml:
5
During execution, a call to getLastLocation() will return a location based on the application's location permissions. In this case the application has permission for the most accurate location possible:

Exemplo de código vulnerável

Vulnerable C#

The following code contains a logging statement that tracks the contents of records added to a database by storing them in a log file. Among other values that are stored, the getPassword() function returns the user-supplied plaintext password associated with the account.

Vulnerável C#

pass = GetPassword();
  ...
  dbmsLog.WriteLine(id + ":" + pass + ":" + type + ":" + tstamp);

Exemplo de código seguro

Secure pseudo

Seguro pseudo

// Validate, sanitize, or use a safe API before reaching the sink.
function handleRequest(input) {
  const safe = validateAndEscape(input);
  return executeWithGuards(safe);
}

What changed: the unsafe sink is replaced (or the input is validated/escaped) so the same payload no longer triggers the weakness.

Lista de verificação de prevenção

How to prevent CWE-359

Requirements Identify and consult all relevant regulations for personal privacy. An organization may be required to comply with certain federal and state regulations, depending on its location, the type of business it conducts, and the nature of any private data it handles. Regulations may include Safe Harbor Privacy Framework [REF-340], Gramm-Leach Bliley Act (GLBA) [REF-341], Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) [REF-342], General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) [REF-1047], California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) [REF-1048], and others.
Architecture and Design Carefully evaluate how secure design may interfere with privacy, and vice versa. Security and privacy concerns often seem to compete with each other. From a security perspective, all important operations should be recorded so that any anomalous activity can later be identified. However, when private data is involved, this practice can in fact create risk. Although there are many ways in which private data can be handled unsafely, a common risk stems from misplaced trust. Programmers often trust the operating environment in which a program runs, and therefore believe that it is acceptable store private information on the file system, in the registry, or in other locally-controlled resources. However, even if access to certain resources is restricted, this does not guarantee that the individuals who do have access can be trusted.

Sinais de deteção

How to detect CWE-359

Architecture or Design Review High

Private personal data can enter a program in a variety of ways: - Directly from the user in the form of a password or personal information - Accessed from a database or other data store by the application - Indirectly from a partner or other third party If the data is written to an external location - such as the console, file system, or network - a privacy violation may occur.

Automated Static Analysis High

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)

Correção automática do Plexicus

O Plexicus deteta automaticamente o CWE-359 e abre um PR de correção em menos de 60 segundos.

O Codex Remedium analisa cada commit, identifica esta fraqueza exata e entrega um pull request pronto para revisão com o patch. Sem tickets. Sem transferências.

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Perguntas frequentes

Frequently asked questions

O que é o CWE-359?

Qual a gravidade do CWE-359?

A MITRE não publicou uma classificação de probabilidade de exploração para esta fraqueza. Trate-a como impacto médio até o seu modelo de ameaças provar o contrário.

Que linguagens ou plataformas são afetadas pelo CWE-359?

MITRE lists the following affected platforms: Mobile.

Como posso prevenir o CWE-359?

Identify and consult all relevant regulations for personal privacy. An organization may be required to comply with certain federal and state regulations, depending on its location, the type of business it conducts, and the nature of any private data it handles. Regulations may include Safe Harbor Privacy Framework [REF-340], Gramm-Leach Bliley Act (GLBA) [REF-341], Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) [REF-342], General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) [REF-1047],…

Como é que o Plexicus deteta e corrige o CWE-359?

O motor SAST do Plexicus correlaciona a assinatura de fluxo de dados do CWE-359 em cada commit. Quando é encontrada uma correspondência, o nosso agente Codex Remedium abre um PR de correção com o código corrigido, testes e um resumo de uma linha para o revisor.

Onde posso saber mais sobre o CWE-359?

A MITRE publica a definição canónica em https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/359.html. Pode também consultar a documentação da OWASP e do NIST para orientações adjacentes.

Fraquezas relacionadas

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Recursos

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