Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)
CWE-695 Base Incomplete
Use of Low-Level Functionality
This vulnerability occurs when code bypasses high-level framework controls by directly using low-level system functions, violating the intended security model.
Definition
What is CWE-695?
This vulnerability occurs when code bypasses high-level framework controls by directly using low-level system functions, violating the intended security model.
Using low-level functions like direct memory access or OS system calls can disable the built-in safeguards of your application framework. This creates inconsistencies and unexpected behaviors that attackers can exploit to bypass security controls, corrupt data, or gain unauthorized access.
Detecting these violations manually across a large codebase is challenging. An ASPM like Plexicus can automatically identify such patterns through SAST/DAST and use AI to provide specific remediation code, helping you maintain framework compliance and close security gaps efficiently.
Auswirkungen in der Praxis
Real-world CVEs caused by CWE-695
Bisher sind in MITREs Katalog keine öffentlichen CVE-Referenzen mit dieser CWE verknüpft.
Wie Angreifer es ausnutzen
Angreiferpfad Schritt für Schritt
- 1
The following code defines a class named Echo. The class declares one native method (defined below), which uses C to echo commands entered on the console back to the user. The following C code defines the native method implemented in the Echo class:
- 2
Because the example is implemented in Java, it may appear that it is immune to memory issues like buffer overflow vulnerabilities. Although Java does do a good job of making memory operations safe, this protection does not extend to vulnerabilities occurring in source code written in other languages that are accessed using the Java Native Interface. Despite the memory protections offered in Java, the C code in this example is vulnerable to a buffer overflow because it makes use of gets(), which does not check the length of its input.
- 3
The Sun Java(TM) Tutorial provides the following description of JNI [See Reference]: The JNI framework lets your native method utilize Java objects in the same way that Java code uses these objects. A native method can create Java objects, including arrays and strings, and then inspect and use these objects to perform its tasks. A native method can also inspect and use objects created by Java application code. A native method can even update Java objects that it created or that were passed to it, and these updated objects are available to the Java application. Thus, both the native language side and the Java side of an application can create, update, and access Java objects and then share these objects between them.
- 4
The vulnerability in the example above could easily be detected through a source code audit of the native method implementation. This may not be practical or possible depending on the availability of the C source code and the way the project is built, but in many cases it may suffice. However, the ability to share objects between Java and native methods expands the potential risk to much more insidious cases where improper data handling in Java may lead to unexpected vulnerabilities in native code or unsafe operations in native code corrupt data structures in Java. Vulnerabilities in native code accessed through a Java application are typically exploited in the same manner as they are in applications written in the native language. The only challenge to such an attack is for the attacker to identify that the Java application uses native code to perform certain operations. This can be accomplished in a variety of ways, including identifying specific behaviors that are often implemented with native code or by exploiting a system information exposure in the Java application that reveals its use of JNI [See Reference].
- 5
The following example opens a socket to connect to a remote server.
Verwundbares Codebeispiel
Vulnerable Java
The following code defines a class named Echo. The class declares one native method (defined below), which uses C to echo commands entered on the console back to the user. The following C code defines the native method implemented in the Echo class:
class Echo {
public native void runEcho();
static {
System.loadLibrary("echo");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Echo().runEcho();
}
} Sicheres Codebeispiel
Secure pseudo
// Validate, sanitize, or use a safe API before reaching the sink.
function handleRequest(input) {
const safe = validateAndEscape(input);
return executeWithGuards(safe);
} What changed: the unsafe sink is replaced (or the input is validated/escaped) so the same payload no longer triggers the weakness.
Präventions-Checkliste
How to prevent CWE-695
- Architecture Use safe-by-default frameworks and APIs that prevent the unsafe pattern from being expressible.
- Implementation Validate input at trust boundaries; use allowlists, not denylists.
- Implementation Apply the principle of least privilege to credentials, file paths, and runtime permissions.
- Testing Cover this weakness in CI: SAST rules + targeted unit tests for the data flow.
- Operation Monitor logs for the runtime signals listed in the next section.
Erkennungssignale
How to detect CWE-695
Plexicus erkennt CWE-695 automatisch und öffnet in unter 60 Sekunden einen Fix-PR.
Codex Remedium scannt jeden Commit, identifiziert genau diese Schwachstelle und liefert einen reviewer-ready Pull Request mit dem Patch. Keine Tickets. Keine Hand-offs.
Häufig gestellte Fragen Was ist CWE-695?
Wie gravierend ist CWE-695?
Welche Sprachen oder Plattformen sind von CWE-695 betroffen?
Wie kann ich CWE-695 verhindern?
Wie erkennt und behebt Plexicus CWE-695?
Wo erfahre ich mehr über CWE-695?
Frequently asked questions
Was ist CWE-695?
This vulnerability occurs when code bypasses high-level framework controls by directly using low-level system functions, violating the intended security model.
Wie gravierend ist CWE-695?
MITRE hat für diese Schwachstelle keine Exploit-Wahrscheinlichkeit veröffentlicht. Behandle sie als mittlere Auswirkung, bis dein Threat Model anderes belegt.
Welche Sprachen oder Plattformen sind von CWE-695 betroffen?
MITRE hat für diese CWE keine betroffenen Plattformen spezifiziert — sie kann in den meisten Anwendungs-Stacks auftreten.
Wie kann ich CWE-695 verhindern?
Use safe-by-default frameworks, validate untrusted input at trust boundaries, and apply the principle of least privilege. Cover the data-flow signature in CI with SAST.
Wie erkennt und behebt Plexicus CWE-695?
Die SAST-Engine von Plexicus erkennt die Datenfluss-Signatur von CWE-695 bei jedem Commit. Bei einem Treffer öffnet unser Codex-Remedium-Agent einen Fix-PR mit korrigiertem Code, Tests und einer einzeiligen Zusammenfassung für den Reviewer.
Wo erfahre ich mehr über CWE-695?
MITRE veröffentlicht die kanonische Definition unter https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/695.html. Für ergänzende Hinweise kannst du auch die OWASP- und NIST-Dokumentation heranziehen.
Verwandte Schwachstellen
Weaknesses related to CWE-695
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CWE-243 Sibling
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CWE-253 Sibling
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CWE-296 Sibling
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CWE-304 Sibling
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CWE-325 Sibling
Missing Cryptographic Step
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CWE-329 Sibling
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Ressourcen
Further reading
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