CWE-790 Classe Incomplet

Improper Filtering of Special Elements

This vulnerability occurs when an application accepts data from a source but fails to properly sanitize or incorrectly filters out special characters or control elements before passing that data to…

Définition

What is CWE-790?

This vulnerability occurs when an application accepts data from a source but fails to properly sanitize or incorrectly filters out special characters or control elements before passing that data to another system component.
At its core, this weakness is about a broken chain of trust in data handling. An application often assumes data from an upstream component (like a user, another service, or a database) is safe, but it must actively validate and neutralize potentially dangerous elements—such as quotes, brackets, script tags, or command delimiters—before that data flows downstream. If this filtering step is missing or flawed, the downstream component interprets these special elements as part of its own commands or code, leading to security breaches. For developers, this means you cannot rely on the source of your data. You must implement context-aware filtering or encoding at the point where data is used. For example, data destined for SQL needs parameterized queries, data for HTML output needs HTML entity encoding, and data for system commands needs strict allow-list validation. The fix isn't a single filter; it's applying the correct defense for each specific output context to prevent injections, cross-site scripting (XSS), and command execution attacks.
Impact réel

Real-world CVEs caused by CWE-790

Aucune référence CVE publique n'est liée à ce CWE dans le catalogue MITRE pour le moment.

Comment les attaquants l'exploitent

Parcours de l'attaquant étape par étape

  1. 1

    The following code takes untrusted input and uses a regular expression to filter "../" from the input. It then appends this result to the /home/user/ directory and attempts to read the file in the final resulting path.

  2. 2

    Since the regular expression does not have the /g global match modifier, it only removes the first instance of "../" it comes across. So an input value such as:

  3. 3

    will have the first "../" stripped, resulting in:

  4. 4

    This value is then concatenated with the /home/user/ directory:

  5. 5

    which causes the /etc/passwd file to be retrieved once the operating system has resolved the ../ sequences in the pathname. This leads to relative path traversal (CWE-23).

Exemple de code vulnérable

Vulnerable Perl

The following code takes untrusted input and uses a regular expression to filter "../" from the input. It then appends this result to the /home/user/ directory and attempts to read the file in the final resulting path.

Vulnérable Perl
my $Username = GetUntrustedInput();
  $Username =~ s/\.\.\///;
  my $filename = "/home/user/" . $Username;
  ReadAndSendFile($filename);
Charge utile de l'attaquant

Since the regular expression does not have the /g global match modifier, it only removes the first instance of "../" it comes across. So an input value such as:

Charge utile de l'attaquant
../../../etc/passwd
Exemple de code sécurisé

Secure pseudo

Sécurisé pseudo
// Validate, sanitize, or use a safe API before reaching the sink.
function handleRequest(input) {
  const safe = validateAndEscape(input);
  return executeWithGuards(safe);
}
What changed: the unsafe sink is replaced (or the input is validated/escaped) so the same payload no longer triggers the weakness.
Liste de contrôle de prévention

How to prevent CWE-790

  • Architecture Use safe-by-default frameworks and APIs that prevent the unsafe pattern from being expressible.
  • Implementation Validate input at trust boundaries; use allowlists, not denylists.
  • Implementation Apply the principle of least privilege to credentials, file paths, and runtime permissions.
  • Testing Cover this weakness in CI: SAST rules + targeted unit tests for the data flow.
  • Operation Monitor logs for the runtime signals listed in the next section.
Signaux de détection

How to detect CWE-790

SAST High

Exécuter une analyse statique (SAST) sur le code source à la recherche du motif non sécurisé dans le flux de données.

DAST Moderate

Exécuter des tests de sécurité applicative dynamique (DAST) contre le point de terminaison en ligne.

Runtime Moderate

Surveiller les journaux runtime pour détecter des traces d'exception inhabituelles, des entrées malformées ou des tentatives de contournement d'autorisation.

Code review Moderate

Revue de code : signaler tout nouveau code qui traite les entrées de cette surface sans utiliser les helpers du framework validés.

Correction automatique Plexicus

Plexicus détecte automatiquement CWE-790 et ouvre une PR de correction en moins de 60 secondes.

Codex Remedium analyse chaque commit, identifie cette faiblesse précise et livre une pull request prête à être relue avec le correctif. Pas de tickets. Pas de transferts.

Questions fréquentes

Frequently asked questions

Qu'est-ce que CWE-790 ?

This vulnerability occurs when an application accepts data from a source but fails to properly sanitize or incorrectly filters out special characters or control elements before passing that data to another system component.

Quelle est la gravité de CWE-790 ?

MITRE n'a pas publié de note de probabilité d'exploitation pour cette faiblesse. Traitez-la comme un impact moyen jusqu'à ce que votre modèle de menace prouve le contraire.

Quels langages ou plateformes sont affectés par CWE-790 ?

MITRE n'a pas spécifié les plateformes affectées pour ce CWE — il peut s'appliquer à la plupart des stacks applicatives.

Comment puis-je prévenir CWE-790 ?

Use safe-by-default frameworks, validate untrusted input at trust boundaries, and apply the principle of least privilege. Cover the data-flow signature in CI with SAST.

Comment Plexicus détecte et corrige CWE-790 ?

Le moteur SAST de Plexicus reconnaît la signature de flux de données de CWE-790 à chaque commit. Lorsqu'une correspondance est trouvée, notre agent Codex Remedium ouvre une PR de correction avec le code corrigé, les tests et un résumé d'une ligne pour le relecteur.

Où puis-je en savoir plus sur CWE-790 ?

MITRE publie la définition canonique à https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/790.html. Vous pouvez également consulter la documentation OWASP et NIST pour des conseils adjacents.

Faiblesses associées

Weaknesses related to CWE-790

CWE-138 Parent

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements

This vulnerability occurs when an application accepts external input but fails to properly sanitize special characters or syntax that have…

CWE-140 Frère

Improper Neutralization of Delimiters

This vulnerability occurs when an application fails to properly handle or sanitize delimiter characters within data inputs, allowing them…

CWE-147 Frère

Improper Neutralization of Input Terminators

This vulnerability occurs when an application accepts external input but fails to properly handle special characters that downstream…

CWE-148 Frère

Improper Neutralization of Input Leaders

This vulnerability occurs when an application fails to properly validate or handle input that begins with special control characters or…

CWE-149 Frère

Improper Neutralization of Quoting Syntax

This vulnerability occurs when an application fails to properly validate or escape quote characters (like single ' or double " quotes) in…

CWE-150 Frère

Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences

This vulnerability occurs when an application fails to properly sanitize or escape special character sequences in user-supplied input…

CWE-151 Frère

Improper Neutralization of Comment Delimiters

This vulnerability occurs when an application accepts user input and fails to properly sanitize characters that can be interpreted as…

CWE-152 Frère

Improper Neutralization of Macro Symbols

This vulnerability occurs when an application accepts user input containing macro symbols (like those used in templates or configuration…

CWE-153 Frère

Improper Neutralization of Substitution Characters

This vulnerability occurs when an application accepts user input and fails to properly sanitize special characters that can trigger…

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