CWE-705 Clase Incompleto

Incorrect Control Flow Scoping

This vulnerability occurs when a program fails to return execution to the correct point in the code after finishing a specific operation or handling an error. Instead of resuming normal flow, it may…

Definición

What is CWE-705?

This vulnerability occurs when a program fails to return execution to the correct point in the code after finishing a specific operation or handling an error. Instead of resuming normal flow, it may jump to an unintended location, leading to unpredictable behavior or security issues.
Incorrect control flow scoping is like a function not knowing where to go after it completes its job. Common causes include misusing return statements, incorrectly implementing callbacks, or improperly managing error handlers (like try/catch blocks). When the program's execution path doesn't correctly return to its calling context or a designated error-handling routine, it can leave the application in an inconsistent state, skip crucial security checks, or expose internal data. For developers, the main risk is that this flaw often creates subtle bugs that are hard to trace during testing but can be exploited in production. Attackers might manipulate error conditions or specific inputs to hijack the flawed control flow, potentially bypassing authentication, escalating privileges, or causing a crash. To prevent it, always ensure functions and error handlers have explicit, unambiguous return paths and that asynchronous callbacks correctly reintegrate into the main application logic.
Impacto en el mundo real

Real-world CVEs caused by CWE-705

  • CVE-2023-21087

    Java code in a smartphone OS can encounter a "boot loop" due to an uncaught exception

  • CVE-2014-1266

    chain: incorrect "goto" in Apple SSL product bypasses certificate validation, allowing Adversary-in-the-Middle (AITM) attack (Apple "goto fail" bug). CWE-705 (Incorrect Control Flow Scoping) -> CWE-561 (Dead Code) -> CWE-295 (Improper Certificate Validation) -> CWE-393 (Return of Wrong Status Code) -> CWE-300 (Channel Accessible by Non-Endpoint).

Cómo lo explotan los atacantes

Ruta del atacante paso a paso

  1. 1

    The following example attempts to resolve a hostname.

  2. 2

    A DNS lookup failure will cause the Servlet to throw an exception.

  3. 3

    This code queries a server and displays its status when a request comes from an authorized IP address.

  4. 4

    This code redirects unauthorized users, but continues to execute code after calling http_redirect(). This means even unauthorized users may be able to access the contents of the page or perform a DoS attack on the server being queried. Also, note that this code is vulnerable to an IP address spoofing attack (CWE-212).

  5. 5

    Included in the doPost() method defined below is a call to System.exit() in the event of a specific exception.

Ejemplo de código vulnerable

Vulnerable Java

The following example attempts to resolve a hostname.

Vulnerable Java 
protected void doPost (HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res) throws IOException {
  	String ip = req.getRemoteAddr();
  	InetAddress addr = InetAddress.getByName(ip);
  	...
  	out.println("hello " + addr.getHostName());
  }
Ejemplo de código seguro

Secure pseudo

Seguro pseudo 
// Validate, sanitize, or use a safe API before reaching the sink.
function handleRequest(input) {
  const safe = validateAndEscape(input);
  return executeWithGuards(safe);
}
What changed: the unsafe sink is replaced (or the input is validated/escaped) so the same payload no longer triggers the weakness.
Lista de prevención

How to prevent CWE-705

  • Architecture Use safe-by-default frameworks and APIs that prevent the unsafe pattern from being expressible.
  • Implementation Validate input at trust boundaries; use allowlists, not denylists.
  • Implementation Apply the principle of least privilege to credentials, file paths, and runtime permissions.
  • Testing Cover this weakness in CI: SAST rules + targeted unit tests for the data flow.
  • Operation Monitor logs for the runtime signals listed in the next section.
Señales de detección

How to detect CWE-705

SAST High

Ejecuta análisis estático (SAST) sobre el código buscando el patrón inseguro en el flujo de datos.

DAST Moderate

Ejecuta pruebas dinámicas de seguridad de aplicaciones (DAST) contra el endpoint en vivo.

Runtime Moderate

Vigila los logs en tiempo de ejecución para detectar trazas de excepción inusuales, entradas malformadas o intentos de bypass de autorización.

Code review Moderate

Revisión de código: marca cualquier código nuevo que maneje entrada desde esta superficie sin usar los helpers validados del framework.

Auto-corrección de Plexicus

Plexicus detecta automáticamente CWE-705 y abre un PR de corrección en menos de 60 segundos.

Codex Remedium escanea cada commit, identifica esta debilidad concreta y entrega un pull request listo para revisión con el parche. Sin tickets. Sin traspasos.

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Preguntas frecuentes

Frequently asked questions

¿Qué es CWE-705?

This vulnerability occurs when a program fails to return execution to the correct point in the code after finishing a specific operation or handling an error. Instead of resuming normal flow, it may jump to an unintended location, leading to unpredictable behavior or security issues.

¿Qué gravedad tiene CWE-705?

MITRE no ha publicado una calificación de probabilidad de explotación para esta debilidad. Trátala como de impacto medio hasta que tu modelo de amenazas demuestre lo contrario.

¿Qué lenguajes o plataformas se ven afectados por CWE-705?

MITRE no ha especificado plataformas afectadas para esta CWE — puede aplicar a la mayoría de los stacks de aplicaciones.

¿Cómo puedo prevenir CWE-705?

Use safe-by-default frameworks, validate untrusted input at trust boundaries, and apply the principle of least privilege. Cover the data-flow signature in CI with SAST.

¿Cómo detecta y corrige Plexicus CWE-705?

El motor SAST de Plexicus detecta la firma de flujo de datos para CWE-705 en cada commit. Cuando hay coincidencia, nuestro agente Codex Remedium abre un PR de corrección con el código corregido, las pruebas y un resumen de una línea para el revisor.

¿Dónde puedo aprender más sobre CWE-705?

MITRE publica la definición canónica en https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/705.html. También puedes consultar la documentación de OWASP y NIST para guías relacionadas.

Debilidades relacionadas

Weaknesses related to CWE-705

CWE-691 Padre

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This vulnerability occurs when a program's execution flow isn't properly managed, allowing attackers to bypass critical checks, trigger…

CWE-1265 Hermano

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CWE-1281 Hermano

Sequence of Processor Instructions Leads to Unexpected Behavior

Certain sequences of valid and invalid processor instructions can cause the CPU to lock up or behave unpredictably, often requiring a hard…

CWE-362 Hermano

Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')

A race condition occurs when multiple processes or threads access a shared resource simultaneously without proper coordination, creating a…

CWE-430 Hermano

Deployment of Wrong Handler

This vulnerability occurs when a system incorrectly assigns or routes an object to the wrong processing component.

CWE-431 Hermano

Missing Handler

This vulnerability occurs when a software component lacks the necessary code to properly handle an error or unexpected event.

CWE-662 Hermano

Improper Synchronization

This vulnerability occurs when a multi-threaded or multi-process application allows shared resources to be accessed by multiple threads or…

CWE-670 Hermano

Always-Incorrect Control Flow Implementation

This weakness occurs when a section of code is structured in a way that always executes incorrectly, regardless of input or conditions.…

CWE-696 Hermano

Incorrect Behavior Order

This weakness occurs when a system executes multiple dependent actions in the wrong sequence, leading to unexpected and potentially…

Recursos

Further reading

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